Geological records refer to the preserved evidence of past geological events and processes, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, climate change, and the evolution of the Earth's landscapes. These records can be found in rocks, sediments, minerals, fossils, and other geological features that provide information about the history of the Earth and its geological formations. Scientists study these records to better understand the Earth's past environments, the forces that have shaped its surface, and to predict future geological events. Some common methods used to analyze geological records include radiometric dating, sedimentary analysis, and paleontological studies.